Glaucoma is a serious incurable condition that can affect dogs of all breeds and ages. It is a condition that affects the eye and can result in permanent blindness if left untreated. Glaucoma occurs when the fluid inside the eye, called the aqueous humor, is unable to drain properly. This results in an increase in pressure inside the eye, which can damage the optic nerve and lead to blindness.
There are two types of glaucoma in dogs: primary and secondary. Primary glaucoma is a genetic condition that is inherited and is more common in certain breeds such as Basset Hounds, Cocker Spaniels, Norwegian Elkhounds, and Beagles due to a gene mutation in ADAMTS10 or ADAMTS17. Secondary glaucoma, on the other hand, occurs as a result of another eye condition such as cataracts or uveitis.
Symptoms of glaucoma in dogs can include redness in the eye, squinting, excessive tearing, cloudiness in the eye, and even a bulging eye. In some cases, the dog may also experience extreme pain in the affected eye. If you notice any of these symptoms in your dog, it is important to seek veterinary care immediately.
Diagnosis of glaucoma in dogs typically involves measuring the intraocular pressure (IOP) in the affected eye. A normal IOP reading in a dog is between 10 and 20 mmHg. If the IOP reading is above 25 mmHg, this is considered high and may indicate glaucoma. In some cases, additional tests such as ultrasound or a complete eye exam may be needed to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment for glaucoma in dogs typically involves managing the increased intraocular pressure. This can be done through the use of eye drops, oral medications, or even surgery in severe cases. The goal of treatment is to reduce the pressure in the eye and prevent further damage to the optic nerve. In some cases, the affected eye may need to be removed if the glaucoma is severe or if the dog is in a lot of pain.
Prevention of glaucoma in dogs can be challenging as primary glaucoma is a genetic condition. However, it is important to be aware of the breed-specific risks and to have your dog’s eyes checked regularly by a veterinarian. Early detection and treatment are key to managing glaucoma in dogs and delaying permanent blindness.